Highway Work Zone Safety Program |
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Rodney E. Slater
Federal Highway Administration
Federal Register
September 8, 1994
[Federal Register: September 8, 1994]
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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Highway Administration
[FHWA Docket No. 94-17]
Highway Work Zone Safety Program
AGENCY: Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), DOT.
ACTION: Notice and request for comments.
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SUMMARY: This notice describes an initiative being considered by the
FHWA for inclusion in the National Highway Work Zone Safety Program
(NHWZSP). The purpose of the program is to enhance safety at highway
construction, maintenance, and utility sites by improving the quality
and effectiveness of traffic operations, safety appurtenances, traffic
control devices, and traffic maintenance bidding practices. The FHWA
requests comments on this proposed program.
DATES: Comments must be received on or before November 7, 1994.
ADDRESSES: Submit written, signed comments concerning this program to
FHWA docket No. 94-17, Federal Highway Administration, Room 4232, HCC-
10, Office of the Chief Counsel, 400 Seventh Street, SW., Washington,
D.C. 20590. All comments received will be available for examination at
the above address between 8:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. e.t., Monday through
Friday, except Federal holidays.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. Harry W. Taylor, Safety Technology
& Information Management Division, 202-366-2175 or Mr. Joseph Solomey,
Office of Chief Counsel, HCC-20, 202-366-1374, Federal Highway
Administration, 400 Seventh Street, SW., Washington D.C. 20590.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Most highway work zones occur due to road
and structural improvements, maintenance activities, or utility work
performed by contractors, public employees or by various utility
companies at the request or approval of a government agency. As such,
these State and local governments have primary responsibility for
planning and controlling work zones to ensure the safe and convenient
travel of the general public as well as the safety of the workers.
The FHWA views its role as providing leadership, guidance and
oversight to improve work zone safety of Federal-aid projects. The FHWA
has exercised its leadership and guidance through the years by updating
its regulations; maintaining procedures, technology and safety
information bases; initiating revisions to the National Manual on
Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) relative to work zone
operations; developing national training courses for improving the
design and operations of work zones; conducting related research;
holding national work zone safety conferences; and issuing technology
transfer syntheses to assist in the rapid transfer of work zone
technology and procedures. As required by Section 1051 of the
Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) of 1991
(Public Law 102-240, December 18, 1991, 105 Stat 1914, 2001), the FHWA
has completed its initial draft of a National Highway Work Zone Safety
Program. By publishing the initial draft listed below, the FHWA is
requesting public comment prior to implementation of the final program.
Highway Work Zone Safety Program
A. Introduction
Section 1051 of ISTEA requires the Secretary of Transportation to
``* * * develop and implement a work zone safety program which will
improve work zone safety at highway construction sites by enhancing the
quality and effectiveness of traffic control devices, safety
appurtenances, traffic control plans, and bidding practices for traffic
control devices and services.''
Section 1051 is the result of Congressional concern for the
continuing number of fatalities and injuries that annually occur in
work zones and its desire to improve the situation nationally. In
response to that concern, the FHWA has developed this program based
upon FHWA experience, National Transportation Safety Board findings,
annual work zone safety reports and other relevant information such as
research reports, and technical articles. The following discussion is
intended to cover the key components of the program in sufficient
detail to permit government, industry, and the public to comment on the
appropriate scope and content of the work zone safety program.
B. Objective and Scope
The objective of the National Highway Work Zone Safety Program
(NHWZSP) is to enhance safety at highway work sites. The program is
applicable to all public highways and streets, but will emphasize
activities pertinent to the National Highway System. The intent is to
have a continuing program with biannual reviews and updating where
necessary.
C. Work Zone Program
The program has been divided into four components,
(standardization, compliance, evaluation, and innovation) to provide a
broad based, cooperative work zone safety initiative. Included under
each component are current, planned or recommended activities that will
aid in its implementation. In addition, an individual activity can
often support other components than the component it is listed under.
1. Standardization--Update Existing and Initiate New Standards Related
to Work Zone Safety
Standardization and uniformity are essential to communicating needs
and requirements to implementing agencies and industries, assuring
adequate safety for the traveling public and workers, and promoting
better understanding and compliance by all concerned. To achieve this
end, FHWA will undertake the following actions:
a. Update 23 CFR Subpart J, ``Traffic Safety in Highway and Street
Work Zones.'' Review the current work zone problems and update the
guidance to reflect current needs and emphasis including reinforcement
of guidance on bidding practices, work zone clear zones, work zone
crash data collection and analysis, and work zone speed limits.
b. Develop retroreflectivity guidance for work zone signs and
pavement markings. Include this guidance in the Manual on Uniform
Traffic Control Devices, Part VI, ``Standards and Guides for Traffic
Control for Street and Highway Construction, Maintenance, Utility, and
Incident Management Operations,'' when it is next updated. Develop a
training program to implement the new guidance. A copy of Part VI of
the MUTCD is available in docket number 94-17 for review.
c. Establish the crashworthiness of work zone safety appurtenances
by implementing a crash testing program for evaluation and any needed
redesign of generic appurtenances. The crash test program will adopt
the procedures included in the National Cooperative Highway Research
Report (NCHRP) 350, ``Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance
Evaluation of Highway Features'' and develop any clarification or
additional guidance that may be needed. (NCHRP Report 350 may be
obtained from the Transportation Research Board, National Research
Council, 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW., Washington, D.C. 20418.)
2. Ensure Compliance
Experience in work zone operations leads to the belief that simply
ensuring compliance with existing standards and guidelines at all times
would substantially improve the safety and operation of work zones. The
causes of noncompliance include the failure of the implementation of
work zone traffic control plans to keep pace with the changing
construction activities, as well as the gradual deterioration of
devices over time. To address these issues, the FHWA will:
a. Identify and promote the use of procedures and specifications
which help achieve or maintain an acceptable level of quality for
traffic control plan setups, including traffic control devices and
safety appurtenances used in highway work zones. For example, develop
inspection methods that identify devices which have been improperly
installed or inadequately maintained for immediate correction and which
will increase contractor's accountability.
b. Promote the development and implementation of public awareness
and education programs designed to alert and affect behavior of the
drivers, including drivers of heavy vehicles, pedestrians, new drivers,
older drivers and bicyclists who traverse highway work zones.
c. Provide highway agencies with guidance and criteria on
certification programs for flaggers and work site safety supervisors.
d. Develop a document on ``Good Practices for the Safety Management
System'' which will include management of work zones.
3. Improve Evaluation of Work Zones
Evaluation is a necessary tool for diagnosis of failures and
identification of successes in work zone operations. Through
evaluation, it is possible to discern opportunities for new
countermeasures and to measure the benefit of current ones. Activities
in this area will include:
a. The FHWA in cooperation with the National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration (NHTSA) will develop guidelines for the collection and
reporting of data on deaths and injuries occurring in highway work
sites.
b. The FHWA will provide an annual report to the Secretary on
efforts being made by the States in reducing deaths and injuries
occurring at highway work sites and the effectiveness of such efforts.
c. The FHWA will annually review a sampling of active highway
construction, maintenance, and utility projects. The review will
include a detailed analysis of traffic control plans and their
revisions, the validity and condition of the traffic control devices
(both day and night), and appropriate management and enforcement
activities.
d. The FHWA will assist State highway agencies in evaluating their
programs and procedures for collecting and analyzing work zone accident
and incident data.
4. Implement Innovative Technologies and Procedures
Innovation can help improve safety and traffic flow in critical
situations. This innovation is not only in the development of new
products and procedures, but also involves the more effective use of
existing ones by providing training. The FHWA will:
a. Demonstrate, evaluate, and complete (where necessary) the
development of the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) Work Zone
Safety Products, such as: the flashing stop/slow paddle, intrusion
alarms, direction indicator barricades for lane closures, portable
crash cushion trailers, and opposing traffic lane dividers. All of the
products are designed to make the work zone safer.
b. Encourage the increased use of innovative protective devices for
work zones of short-term and intermediate-term stationary duration,
such as Truck Mounted Attenuators (TMA), by providing state-of-the-
practice reports and training aids to the field.
c. Conduct research on condition-responsive work zone traffic
control systems and operations applicable to longer-term construction
areas. As an example, the ``Vehicle Queue Backup Warning System'',
should be designed to warn motorists and workers of situations which
could produce hazards such as a traffic stoppage.
d. Develop for State and local government use, a comprehensive work
zone safety training program, which will encompass courses ranging from
an understanding and application of basic concepts to procedures for
developing complex work zone strategies. The work zone training program
developed through the FHWA's National Highway Institute (NHI) will
include the following courses:
(1) Design and Operation of Work Zone Traffic Control,
(2) Inspection of Construction Zone Hardware,
(3) Developing Traffic Control Plans and Strategies,
(4) Transportation Alternatives During Highway Reconstruction, and
(5) Work Zone Safety for Maintenance Operations on Rural Highways.
e. Encourage the trial use of the Community/Corridor Traffic Safety
Program (C/CTSP) concept on large complex highway construction projects
or a series of projects along a single route. The C/CTSP is a
comprehensive multi-disciplinary approach to solving safety problems,
looking not only at highway problems, but also possible problems with
the driver or the vehicle.
f. Encourage the use of techniques identified in the 1992 report to
Congress entitled, ``Traffic/Congestion Management During Highway
Construction'' to minimize disruptions to traffic during construction
of highway projects.
D. Work Zone Program Implementation
The FHWA will co-sponsor a National Work Zone Conference (late
1994) with the American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Officials (AASHTO), the American Road and Transportation Builders
Association (ARTBA), and the American Traffic Safety Services
Association (ATSSA). Other organizations cooperating in the planning of
the conference and which will have representatives attending are the
Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE); the American Society of
Civil Engineers; the International Bridge, Tunnel, and Turnpike
Association (IBTTA); International Association of Chiefs of Police;
National Association of County Engineers; and the Highway User
Federation for Safety and Mobility. The intent of the conference is to:
a. Discuss the FHWA work zone safety program content and receive
input for further modification,
b. identify the latest technology, procedures, and effective
programs that can contribute to improving the safety of work zones,
c. develop renewed emphasis and interest for work zone safety
activities.
The FHWA Division Administrator will work in partnership with the
State highway and other appropriate agencies to develop and implement a
Statewide highway work zone safety program based on the four program
components.
Authority: 23 U.S.C. 315; 49 CFR 1.48; Sec. 1051 of Pub. L. 102-
240, 105 Stat. 1914, 2001.)
Issued on: August 31, 1994.
Rodney E. Slater,
Federal Highway Administrator.
[FR Doc. 94-22094 Filed 9-7-94; 8:45 am]
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